La probabilidad condicional y la probabilidad conjunta en la resolución de problemas de probabilidad

En este artículo se estudian las relaciones entre las probabilidades condicionales y conjuntas en el proceso de resolución de problemas escolares, desde una perspectiva educativa antes que cognitiva. Primero mostramos cómo los problemas básicos de probabilidad condicional presentan muchas dificultades a una amplia muestra de resolutores, desde la educación secundaria a maestros y profesores de matemáticas en formación. Apuntamos hacia las complejas relaciones entre las distintas probabilidades que participan en el proceso de resolución como una de las principales causas de dichas dificultades y cómo éstas dependen de las variables de la tarea asociadas a los problemas, tales como su estructura matemática, el contexto en el que los problemas se formulan y el vocabulario usado para expresar dichas probabilidades en cada contexto. Mostramos también cómo algunos estudiantes, cuando resuelven problemas de probabilidad condicional, no tratan con sentido las probabilidades condicionales sino que éste depende de los recursos o sistemas de representación que usan para la resolución del problema

Probabilidad vs porcentaje en la formulación de los problemas de probabilidad condicional

En este trabajo mostramos los resultados de una investigación realizada con futuros profesores de matemáticas de educación secundaria en resolución de problemas de probabilidad condicional. En particular se comparan las dificultades de los problemas pertenecientes a dos conjuntos de problemas que difieren en el formato de expresión de la cantidad preguntada: probabilidad o porcentaje. Se constata la extrema dificultad que presentan estos problemas para los futuros profesores, dificultad que se ve incrementada con la inclusión del término probabilidad en el enunciado. Se informa además de que las dificultades aparecen ya en la fase de cálculos, en la que se hace patente la confusión entre la probabilidad condicional y la probabilidad conjunta

Percepción de los futuros maestros y profesores sobre usos y enseñanza de recursos en la resolución de problemas verbales de probabilidad condicional

En este trabajo exploramos la percepción que tienen los estudiantes para maestros y profesores de matemáticas sobre los recursos para la resolución de problemas de probabilidad condicional en una doble vertiente, como resolutores de problemas y como futuros docentes. Los resultados muestran como los futuros docentes, como resolutores, tienen preferencias por un conjunto de recursos entre los que destacan las listas organizadas de datos, las tablas de contingencia y los diagramas en árbol, proponiendo su enseñanza dependiendo del nivel educativo y las finalidades de los estudios

E-Health business models prototyping by incremental design

User-Driven Healthcare: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications provides a global discussion on the practice of user-driven learning in healthcare and connected disciplines and its influence on learning through clinical problem solving. This book brings together different perspectives for researchers and practitioners to develop a comprehensive framework of user-driven healthcare.Postprint (published version

Origin of coherent structures in a discrete chaotic medium

Using as an example a large lattice of locally interacting Hindmarsh-Rose chaotic neurons, we disclose the origin of ordered structures in a discrete nonequilibrium medium with fast and slow chaotic oscillations. The origin of the ordering mechanism is related to the appearance of a periodic average dynamics in the group of chaotic neurons whose individual slow activity is significantly synchronized by the group mean field. Introducing the concept of a "coarse grain" as a cluster of neuron elements with periodic averaged behavior allows consideration of the dynamics of a medium composed of these clusters. A study of this medium reveals spatially ordered patterns in the periodic and slow dynamics of the coarse grains that are controlled by the average intensity of the fast chaotic pulsation

Dealing with large schema sets in mobile SOS-based applications

Although the adoption of OGC Web Services for server, desktop and web applications has been successful, its penetration in mobile devices has been slow. One of the main reasons is the performance problems associated with XML processing as it consumes a lot of memory and processing time, which are scarce resources in a mobile device. In this paper we propose an algorithm to generate efficient code for XML data binding for mobile SOS-based applications. The algorithm take advantage of the fact that individual implementations use only some portions of the standards' schemas, which allows the simplification of large XML schema sets in an application-specific manner by using a subset of XML instance files conforming to these schemas.Comment: 9 pages, 2 tables, 7 figure

ETE: a python Environment for Tree Exploration

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many bioinformatics analyses, ranging from gene clustering to phylogenetics, produce hierarchical trees as their main result. These are used to represent the relationships among different biological entities, thus facilitating their analysis and interpretation. A number of standalone programs are available that focus on tree visualization or that perform specific analyses on them. However, such applications are rarely suitable for large-scale surveys, in which a higher level of automation is required. Currently, many genome-wide analyses rely on tree-like data representation and hence there is a growing need for scalable tools to handle tree structures at large scale.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we present the Environment for Tree Exploration (ETE), a python programming toolkit that assists in the automated manipulation, analysis and visualization of hierarchical trees. ETE libraries provide a broad set of tree handling options as well as specific methods to analyze phylogenetic and clustering trees. Among other features, ETE allows for the independent analysis of tree partitions, has support for the extended newick format, provides an integrated node annotation system and permits to link trees to external data such as multiple sequence alignments or numerical arrays. In addition, ETE implements a number of built-in analytical tools, including phylogeny-based orthology prediction and cluster validation techniques. Finally, ETE's programmable tree drawing engine can be used to automate the graphical rendering of trees with customized node-specific visualizations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>ETE provides a complete set of methods to manipulate tree data structures that extends current functionality in other bioinformatic toolkits of a more general purpose. ETE is free software and can be downloaded from <url>http://ete.cgenomics.org</url>.</p

SURIMI: supervised radio map augmentation with deep learning and a generative adversarial network for fingerprint-based indoor positioning

Indoor Positioning based on Machine Learning has drawn increasing attention both in the academy and the industry as meaningful information from the reference data can be extracted. Many researchers are using supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised Machine Learning models to reduce the positioning error and offer reliable solutions to the end-users. In this article, we propose a new architecture by combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Long short-term memory (LSTM) and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) in order to increase the training data and thus improve the position accuracy. The proposed combination of supervised and unsupervised models was tested in 17 public datasets, providing an extensive analysis of its performance. As a result, the positioning error has been reduced in more than 70% of them.The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from European Union’s Hori zon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska Curie grant agreements No. 813278 (A-WEAR: A network for dynamic wearable applications with privacy constraints, http://www.a-wear.eu/) and No. 101023072 (ORIENTATE: Low-cost Reliable Indoor Positioning in Smart Factories, http://orientate.dsi.uminho.pt)

LA CRISIS Y LA POLíTICA MODERNA

oai:ojs.200.27.184.85:article/59A la luz del ensayo de Héctor Herrera, «El sentido de la crisis en Occidente», el artículo intenta mostrar la aplicación que la interpretación de la historia occidental de Héctor Herrera puede tener para comprender la potencialidad y alcances de la política moderna